In any company, regardless of its size, the finance department is often the first to detect early signs of trouble. Issues typically appear first in financial data, statements, or cash flow. The roles of the accountant and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) should go beyond monthly reporting and tax compliance. Their responsibilities include identifying risks early and alerting management before problems escalate. Proactive financial oversight is critical. Finance teams should not wait until problems are severe. Instead, they should act when the first indicators emerge. Recognizing and responding to measurable and repeatable warning signs can prevent further deterioration and give management time to implement corrective measures. Accountants and CFOs should analyze trends, assess the impact of decisions, and flag risks before they materialize. This requires more than technical tools like liquidity ratios and cash flow projections. It also requires clear and timely communication with management—communication that leads to decisions and action. Key Indicators of Financial Risk One of the clearest signs of financial distress is deteriorating liquidity. This refers to whether a company has enough cash and expected incoming payments to meet upcoming obligations. A declining current ratio or quick ratio—indicators of liquidity—signals that the company may not have sufficient short-term assets to cover liabilities. If this trend continues, finance staff must raise the issue with management promptly. Another warning sign is declining profitability. A company may maintain or even grow revenue while its profit margins shrink. Rising costs, ineffective pricing strategies, or operational inefficiencies can erode profitability over time. If margins continue to fall despite efforts to stabilize them, this indicates a structural issue that management should address. Cash flow concerns are also critical. A company may report profits while struggling to pay its bills. Delayed supplier payments, deferred investments, or reliance on short-term borrowing to cover expenses are symptoms of cash flow problems. If a business cannot fund basic operations without outside financing, it is at risk of insolvency. Problems servicing debt also point to financial instability. Rising debt levels combined with reduced ability to meet payment obligations signal growing financial strain. In such cases, financing current operations with new debt becomes unsustainable. Management should be informed if debt service becomes a burden on profits or if refinancing options are narrowing. Operational issues can also foreshadow financial difficulties. Higher employee turnover, an increase in customer complaints, outdated systems, and falling service quality often lead to rising costs and shrinking revenue. These issues may appear non-financial at first but usually show up later in the company’s financial performance. Communicating with Management When raising concerns, the finance department must be clear and direct. Timely communication is key, especially when conditions can deteriorate quickly. Management should receive reports or presentations that explain what is happening, why it is happening, what the risks are if nothing is done, and what steps can be taken. The goal is not to alarm, but to provide a factual assessment. Effective CFOs communicate honestly, even if the message is difficult. Their role is to guide management with accurate insights that help protect the company’s future. Early intervention is a sign of a well-managed organization. When finance professionals are involved in strategic planning—not just reporting—they can help prevent crises or reduce their impact. However, this is only possible if they speak up when early warning signs appear. Author: Mateusz Haśkiewicz – qualified restructuring advisor, legal advisor, president of the management board of Haśkiewicz Dyła Restrukturyzacje Upadłości sp. z o.o.