Polish policymakers seek to balance technological development with public interest
Polish policymakers responsible for digital policy emphasize the dual role of the state as both a driver of technological development and a guardian of public interest. According to a study by the Polish Economic Institute (PIE), decision-makers envision the state as a key player in digital transformation, aiming to prevent market monopolization, protect privacy, and combat disinformation while fostering innovation. The study also highlights the significance of Poland’s relations with the European Union and global technology companies, as well as the need to secure critical digital infrastructure. Key challenges for the coming decade include improving digital competence, accelerating business and administrative digitization, and strengthening cybersecurity.
The study surveyed policymakers who hold leadership positions in institutions responsible for public policy, strategy design, funding allocation, and market regulation. Their perspectives provide insight into how Poland’s digital future is being shaped and what priorities and values guide technological development.
The role of the state is central to the vision outlined by policymakers. The state is expected to ensure technological sovereignty, invest in research and development, and stimulate digital economy growth. Public investment in high-risk, high-return technologies is seen as essential, given that private markets often hesitate to finance breakthrough innovations. Another key function of the state is to regulate the negative effects of technological progress, ensuring that digital transformation aligns with civil, consumer, and social rights.
According to Krystian Lukasik, an advisor in the PIE digital economy team, the ideal role of the state is to act as both an enabler and regulator of technological progress. The goal is to support innovation while also maintaining control over strategic technological sectors, ensuring independence from foreign entities and protecting critical infrastructure. Policymakers believe the state should guide technological development in ways that align with the public interest, ensuring autonomy and resilience against potential threats.
The European Union is also seen as an important partner in shaping Poland’s digital future. Decision-makers recognize that EU-wide regulations enhance the negotiating power of member states when dealing with global technology corporations. They also acknowledge the EU’s role in establishing unified digital policies, which provide a coherent framework for development across the region. By participating in the EU’s digital ecosystem, Polish institutions can work towards achieving digital sovereignty on a larger scale.
Policymakers identified several priorities for the coming digital decade, aligning with the European Commission’s Digital Compass for 2030. Key areas include expanding digital infrastructure, increasing cybersecurity, promoting business digitization, and addressing digital exclusion. One challenge noted in the study is that many businesses do not see the immediate benefits of adopting modern technologies. Overcoming this requires improving digital literacy and raising awareness about the advantages of digital transformation. However, policymakers acknowledge that developing digital competencies across society is a complex process that extends beyond the direct influence of public administration.
The digitization of public administration is another focus, aimed at improving government services and increasing citizen access to digital tools. Significant progress has already been made in this area, with Poland performing well in international comparisons. Another major priority is cybersecurity, particularly in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Decision-makers stress the need to build infrastructure capable of protecting critical sectors, such as energy and transport, while ensuring the security of citizens’ data.
Looking ahead, policymakers anticipate substantial economic improvements in Poland, with digitalization playing a key role. Technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G and 6G, quantum computing, and renewable energy systems are expected to shape both business and public administration. However, they also recognize the unpredictability of technological progress and the importance of preparing for economic and social shifts that may accompany these developments.
Within government institutions, there is ongoing debate over how digitalization should be managed. Some policymakers advocate for centralized oversight, with a dedicated agency leading the digital agenda. Others propose a more decentralized approach, where ministries coordinate their efforts without a single governing authority.
Beyond technology, policymakers acknowledge that non-technological challenges could influence the impact of digital advancements. Demographic shifts, rising economic inequality, and the climate crisis are seen as key factors that must be considered alongside technological innovation. These broader issues will shape the long-term effectiveness of Poland’s digital transformation strategy and its ability to create a resilient, competitive economy.
